| Matze Schmidt on Tue, 12 Oct 2010 18:49:30 +0200 (CEST) |
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| <nettime> Bologna Process Curriculum Vitae |
Hello,
as is often the case false representations do apply to those who are not
present. The following bold and simple text does not prove this wrong.
Nevertheless a sexy migrant background may result from efforts of
academics or off-intellectuals who can not really cope with the situations
of inner and outer borders as well as with their own limitated options of
symbolic forms. In between two shows about Migration and Mobility[1]
I have re-edited points, very sketchy though, which may brought up the
the theme called Migration which some would euphemistically label a
discourse -- a debate at issue.
As a matter of fact toxic sludge with mining waste in Hungary causing death
and spreading over Europe's river Danube is something else than a no border
campaign (www.noborder.org) with demonstrations in Brussels. Anyhow the
context is the same inasmuch as the borders a marked here as artificial
limitations but defended by a Regime. The Film "Grossstadtzigeuner"
("Big City Gypsies") from László Moholy-Nagy was screened in the Collegium
Hungaricum in Berlin last month, showing the big Roma Community in Berlin
in 1932, few years before the catastrophe. There are no pictures to be found
like these today I guess. But there is no need for fancy theory to realise
that not only France is expelling them again, the people and with them
the pictures.
I would like to thank Mindaugas Gapsevicius for encouraging me to write
this article below and his lecturer within a EU-Project for checking the
writing (some errors may be left). The article was supposed to be published
within a book but -- to overwork -- it now migrates to mailing lists and
handouts.
_________________________
[1] "The Tourist Syndrome" (www.transientspaces.org) ended last Sunday and
"Migrating Art Academies" (www.migaa.eu) holds a conference next Friday
and Saturday in Berlin.
Matze Schmidt, 12.10.2010
Bologna Process
Curriculum Vitae
< 1814 -1826 A Non-Euclidean geometry (Nikolai Lobachevsky, Carl
Friedrich Gauss) questions which geometrical space best
fits physical space.
1825 Begin of the periodic economic crises in the most
developed country at that time: Great Britain. The amount
of exports falls below the total of 1824.
1843 May 5th, opening of the rail lines Paris – Orleans and Paris
– Rouen. The Parisian migrant Heinrich Heine says while
overemphasising the loss of real space in a pretended
Hyperspace of industrial media: "Space is killed by the
railways, and we are left with time alone." At the end of
the same year Heine visits Germany. This land is, at the
time, a kind of confederation of countries (Deutscher Bund)
but not yet a united nation before the Franco-Prussian War.
1848 The _Manifesto of the Communist Party_ as issued by Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels states that there is a World
Market "for which the discovery of America paved the way".
1863 United States President Abraham Lincoln issues the
_Emancipation Proclamation_ during the American Civil War
declaring the freedom of all slaves in any state of the
Confederate States of America as a war measure of the
industrialised north against the agricultural south.
~ 1870 - 1900 Blues emerges, the music and reflection method in the spare
time of black workers and 'post-slaves' within
African-American communities in the Deep South of the
United States.
1914 - 1918 The so-called First World War reshapes Europe and more than
15 Million 'migrate' into graves.
1922 El Lissitzky makes the collage and drawing "Vladimir Tatlin
working on his Monument to the Third International". The
Monument is also kown as "Tatlin's Tower" for Petrograd. The
Third International aka "Commintern" was founded March 2-6,
1919 at a congress in Moscow.
1929 ... The "Great Depression" takes place. This and the Dust Bowl in
the American and Canadian prairie lands precipitates a high
unemployment rate in the US (exceeding 20%) and a wave of
national migration described in John Steinbeck's _The Grapes
of Wrath_. The ensuing worldwide economic downturn in the
1930s may be seen as the trigger for developments which lead
to the aggression of of Nazi Germany and the Second World War.
1933 ... Jewish and other Diaspora is caused by the Shoah and progroms.
1950s The German "Wirtschaftswunder" ("economic miracle") happens.
The Volkswagen "Beetle", a car model from the Nazi Regime era,
is the icon of West German reconstruction.
1957 First postwar economical crisis (industrial output in
developed capitalist countries declines 4 percent). Founding
of the Situationist International (SI), not only "famous" for
Psychogeography, Dérive and the critique against the Spectacle
as the contemporary (20th century) form of capitalism.
1950s/60s Profit Rates are all in all high. In Marx' Critique of
Political Economy (Capital), the rate of profit (r) are
measured as
r = surplus-value / capital invested
where surplus-value corresponds to unpaid labor in the
production process or to profits, interest, and rent
(property income). First mainly in the US and then in Great
Britain and later global phenomenons like Pop and Pop Art
affirm and subvert this conjuncture, NO!Art opposes.
1962 Computer scientist J. C. R. Licklider discusses his concept
for a "Intergalactic Computer Network" with other colleagues
of the BBN Technologies company, a supplier of arms.
1967 Negative rates of economic growth for the first time in
Germany after the Second World War: -0,3 % (1967) and
-1,3% (1975) growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
1970 The band Led Zeppelin records the "Immigrant Song" built on
nordic myths in the lyrics and on a quasi-variant of Blues
called Hard Rock. It was written during a tour of Iceland,
Britain and Germany.
1972 The concept of "deterritorialisation" is subsumed by Gilles
Deleuze and Félix Guattari in _Anti-Oedipus_, a critique of
capitalism as the super power and a turning away from the
critique of political economy towards a non-linear sort of
sub-and-super-structure of labor and libido.
Deterritorialisation, the weakening of the ties of space and
culture and economy is always accompanied by
reterritorialization. There are missing links between
deterritorialisation and Post-Fordism (which is however
communicated as a kind of »De-Taylorisation« in the sector
of production) and the terminology around the "Symbolic
Worker", which is complexly put together and
economically/politically speaking nothing more than an
update of the mode of production based on new productive
forces called the computer plus internet. Within intranets
corporations tunnel outcomes of symbolic work. Universities
maintain their own High Speed Computer Networks ever since
the days of the ARPANET in the 1960s, the proto-internet as
a synthesis of business, science and a monopoly on the use
of force.
1976 Drafts of the reduction of real wages by holding a reserve
army of labor (unemployed) according to the OECD's "A Growth
Scenario to 1980", a "Special Supplement to the Economic
Outlook" from July 19, 1976 in consideration of declining
rates of profit. Profit is the must for every single capital
in competition with other capital. Competition means that
firms have to invest in variable capital (wages etc. for
workers) and constant capital (new machines, new material)
progressively so as to not fall behind other competitors.
This may result in the tendency for the rate of profit to fall
because investments tend increase on the basis of new
technologies and competition. This is not a vicious circle of
logic but a step ladder. The OECD is the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development and is acting by reviews
and forecasts, and through "soft law" for the market economy
of all its member states, here: from welfare to workfare.
Time of the Punk (Music) Explosion with referencies to the
Situationists. According to legend Jimmy Page and Robert
Plant (Led Zeppelin) are puzzled when visiting a Punk concert.
Early 1980s Recession – Negative GDP growth in the USA. States begin to
"pump" money into circulation.
1980s & 1990s Exacerbated competition on the world market of single capital
and national capital does not precipitate a big general
economical crisis but has certain downscaling showing a
capped economic crisis cycle. According to the International
Labour Organisation growth rates of the World GDP in the early
1980s occasionally fell below 1%, in the mid-1980s and below
the 3% mark at the beginning of the 21st Century.
~ 1991 For the first time the author about a "Hypermobile Class"
which is naturally not a 'classical class' in terms of
economics but a social class, a social stratification, a part
of the class of workers or employees that is highly educated.
In fact this group may be described as a sub-group or form of
the working class enjoying a sort of cosmopolitan status, a
group of privileged subjects, freelancers who are able to
switch nations (the formal formation of national capital) and
shift cultures (the habitual room of meanings inside a nation
or a region). This circumstance causes a drift in identities.
1992 _Diversi, ma insieme_ [Different but together] from Milan
write: "Inside the Fortress Europe a double function is
intended for immigrants: an 'economical' role within the
framework of the projects of the enterprisers for a
deregulation of the labor market – here they have to fill the
gaps of the shadow economy and a 'political-social' function
as 'outer enemy', against whom a future european people's
community is to form and to mobilise."
1999 ... Signing of the _Bologna Declaration_ by Ministers of Education
from 29 European (and beyond) countries creating a "European
Higher Education Area" (EHEA) to enhance the competitiveness
of a realm inclusive Island, Turkey and Russia and other states
by cutting down costs. The EHEA envisages among other things
"to facilitate mobility of students" and "prepare students for
their future careers and for life as active citizens in
democratic societies". The label "Bologna Process" for this
undertaking is quite a symbolic one since Bologna is home to
the oldest university in the Western world founded in 1088.
Thus it adresses a historic layer as well as the discourse of
a European centralisation on the superstructure that seeks to
avoid Brain Drain. It appears as a reaction to the Human
Capital Flight or emigration of an elite-to-be (including a
sub-elite formed by the separating education system with
bachelor and/or master degrees). The concept of
deterritorialization does not seem to fit here. Article 14
of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
guarantees the right to education. Of course the wage shares
in the Euro Area and the USA as a percentage of GDP have
decreased since the early 1990s, especially in Europe – from
nearly 62% (1991) to about 57% (2005) with a continual
downward trend. This, along with the general profit squeeze
and progressively falling GDPs, raises costs for the social
systems across the European Union (EU) occuring in
unemployment and cutting welfare and social-security payments
and seems to affect the educational system in the EU as a
whole and fundamental rights and duties of citizens.
2000 - 2009 The EU de facto reintroduces the death penalty according to
the Explanation 3. aka "'negative’ definitions" of "Article 2:
Right to Life" of the _Charter of Fundamental Rights of the
European Union_ regarding sentence 2 ("No one shall be
condemned to the death penalty, or executed.") referring to
the European Convention on Human Rights from 1953 ("The death
penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such
penalty or executed."):
"Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in
contravention of this article [Art. 2] when it results from
the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary:
[...]
* in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot
or insurrection."
This information can be found via deeplink (a hyperlink that
points to a specific page or file) to a PDF file named
"Explanations relating to the complete text [...]" within
the webpage containing the Article 2 of the Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the EU. This negative definition
entered formally as part of the law (!) into force on
December 1, 2009 after the Treaty of Lisbon. It is an
expression of the fear of social frictions.
2002 "Alpha 3.4", the webwalking project is presented by
tsunamii.net at the Documenta 11 in Kassel (Germany) in 2002.
Tien Wei Woon, Charles Lim Yi Young and others from Singapore
extrapolate by means of an online GPS-mapping the relations of
the physical geographic space order to the order of the
switching of IPs (Internet Protocol), the adresses in the
locating system for dispatching within the WWW.
2003 Heath Bunting and others in 2003 offer "tour de fence"
trainings in the "real world" related to the utopia of a
virtuality demarcated internet or media space without
borders. Remember that Singaporean studends may easily get
a (state) grant but they have to returm to their home state.
2004 About 14 billion US-Dollars are retransfered to Mexiko by
migrant workers.
2006 Le Monde publishes photos by Juan Medina (Reuters) on the
10th of May showing an African refugee crawling through the
rows of holiday makers on the beach of Fuerteventura, one of
the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, off the west coast
of Africa.
2008 A crisis of overproduction, which began in the construction and
real estate sector, leads to unsold goods and is concealed by a
"Financial Crisis" (banks deny credits to banks). It is
followed by huge State Debts in most developed countries as a
result of the turnover of the credit system into the monetary
system (Business-to-business transaction invoices have to be
settled with cash not credit). This results i giant state
credits for the financial sector: according to the
International Monetary Fund (2009) up to over 80% in France,
over 100% in Italy and to over 220% in Japan of GDP for the
year of 2010.
2010 - now The author Matze Schmidt outlines a simple but sophisticated
list of historical data, dates and terms within a range of
subjects from economics to migration in western perspective
entitled the _Curriculum Vitae of Bologna Process_, as if it
were the CV of a subject or persona but lacking a comprehensive
listing of personal history or any real personal information.
The author is a 'post-heroic' factor, it is a non-dead fact.
An acquaintance of the author says, that nobody is interested
in _Second Life_ as a setting for a global non-national
territory anymore except a friend of a friend, known to the
author as well, who still believes in 3D. Beliefs in a
technology driven intergalactic "Social Galaxy" seem to
collapse because of contradictions with restraints. Whereas
for instance with Google's technologies there is evidence to
presume that sociation is happening. Export surplusses seem to
be dearly bought with budget cuts though and even Google has
dismissed staff. Prof Gundolf S. Freyermuth, a self-described
"digital immigrant" (person born before ca. 1980) as opposed
to a "digital native" (person born after ca. 1980) suggested
during an interview on the 'old' medium of radio on August 19
that cultures in nations which are open to what he calls the
"digital future" will be more competitive. The phrase "digital
immigrant" reproduces an ethnogical terminology and thinking.
As a consequence of this a radical immigrant from the
pre-personal-computer time-space who immigrated into the
current 'digital' time-space had to settle in the most
competitive territories of today – just as the digital
native. One can call this the integrated but inter-national
area. The SI called it the spectacle. Freyermuth has a ranch
in Arizona.
(c) 2010 n0name
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