nettimes_digestive_system on Sun, 24 Oct 1999 14:43:14 +0200 (CEST) |
[Date Prev] [Date Next] [Thread Prev] [Thread Next] [Date Index] [Thread Index]
<nettime> East Timor Digest (news; Indonesian Presidential elections; Xanana returns; E.Timor according to Chomsky) |
Selected news items from STRATFOR.COM 1513 GMT, 991023 Indonesia/East Timor – Investigators discovered 11 bodies in a well in Liquisa, East Timor, Interfet spokesman Col. Mark Kelly announced Oct. 23. He also said that Interfet has requested additional human rights investigators. 1442 GMT, 991023 Indonesia/East Timor – East Timor independence leader Jose Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmao said Oct. 23 that he did not aspire to be president of East Timor. He also called for reconciliation and the offer of amnesty to the pro-Indonesia militias. 1430 GMT, 991022 Indonesia – Some 15,000 students rallied for independence Oct. 22 in Indonesia’s Sulawesi province, home of former Indonesian President B.J. Habibie. His loss of the presidential election Oct. 20 helped trigger the protest. 1429 GMT, 991022 Indonesia/ASEAN – Indonesian President Abdurrahman Wahid wants to "step up cooperation" and expressed willingness to meet with ASEAN leaders during the annual regional summit in Manila next month, said the Malaysian ambassador to Indonesia. 1408 GMT, 991022 Indonesia – Sectarian violence in Indonesia’s Maluku islands Oct. 22 left eight dead and eight injured. Security forces shot most of the victims. 1832 GMT, 991021 Indonesia/East Timor – The leader of the pro-independence military group Falintil said Oct. 21 that he hopes Japan’s Self-Defense Forces (SDF) will join Interfet forces in East Timor to help protect local residents. He suggested Japan is historically responsible for East Timor because of its occupation of the territory during World War II. 1631 GMT, 991021 Indonesia/East Timor – INTERFET Col. Mark Kelly said Oct. 21 several groups of armed militiamen are still infiltrating East Timor amid reports of a possible militia invasion of Oekussi, the East Timor enclave in West Timor. Kelly said INTERFET launched "Operation Strand," which will attempt to end militia presence along the East Timor/West Timor border. 1421 GMT, 991021 Indonesia – Indonesia’s People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) elected Megawati Sukarnoputri vice president Oct. 21 after fellow candidates Gen. Wiranto and Akbar Tanjung withdrew. 1401 GMT, 991021 Indonesia – Violent protests continued for a second day Oct. 21 and left at least two dead after Megawati Sukarnoputri lost the Indonesian presidential elections. 1429 GMT, 991020 Australia/Indonesia – East Timorese leaders, including Jose Ramos Horta and Xanana Gusmao, met Oct. 20 following the Indonesian legislature’s decision to support East Timorese independence. Ramos Horta said Australia must remain in charge of security during the transition to independence. Gusmao praised former President B.J. Habibie for recognizing East Timor’s right to self-determination. 1413 GMT, 991020 Indonesia – Indonesia’s national assembly elected Abdurrahman Wahid as its fourth president Oct. 20. Wahid beat out Megawati Sukarnoputri to serve the next five years as president. Former President B.J. Habibie had dropped out of the race. 1407 GMT, 991020 Indonesia – International praise poured in Oct. 20 after Indonesia’s National Assembly revoked a 1978 decree incorporating East Timor into Indonesia. 2213 GMT, 991019 Indonesia – A commission of the People’s Consultative Assembly agreed Oct. 18 to amend the constitution in order to limit presidential power. Under the proposed amendments, a president could only serve two consecutive five-year terms and the legislative power of the president would be revoked. 1439 GMT, 991019 Indonesia/Portugal – The People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) began debate Oct. 19 over acceptance of the Aug. 30 vote for independence in East Timor. A legislative committee for the MPR vote dropped several points that would delay the decision, including: Portugal remove East Timor from its constitution and international peacekeepers guarantee the safety of all people in East Timor. 1431 GMT, 991019 Indonesia – INTERFET personnel uncovered a mass grave containing more than 20 bodies in the town of Liquica, west of Dili. The cause and time of death have yet to be determined. 1409 GMT, 991019 Indonesia – Thousands of Indonesians rallied in the streets Oct. 19 for their candidates one day ahead of presidential elections and two days ahead of vice-president elections. Many called for Indonesian President B.J. Habibie to drop out of the race, and others carried signs reading, "She is not my president," referring to Megawati Sukarnoputri. 2220 GMT, 991018 Indonesia/Australia – Indonesia and Australia agreed on an accord that will give Interfet peacekeepers immunity from prosecution for actions during their time of duty. 1819 GMT, 991018 Indonesia – Indonesian Defense Force Commander Gen. Wiranto announced Oct. 18 that he was declining to run as vice president with current President B.J. Habibie. Wiranto said he would be up for a political position if the people really needed him. 1617 GMT, 991018 Indonesia – A national assembly committee set up in Indonesia to discuss East Timor’s future agreed Oct. 18 to propose a plenary commission to invalidate the 1978 decree that formalized Indonesia’ s annexation of East Timor. 0001 GMT, 991018 Indonesia/United Nations – Pro-Independence East Timorese leaders will ask for a role in the U.N. interim government that will be set up in East Timor once the Indonesian assembly approves the Aug. 30 referendum. Preliminary talks on the creation of the interim government began on Oct. 16 between Indonesian officials and the United Nations. 2330 GMT, 991017 Indonesia – Indonesian President B.J.Habibie apologized for any misdeeds while in power, and signaled that he was not expecting to be re-elected as president when the People’s Consultative Assembly votes for the new leader on Oct. 20. Habibie said that no matter who was elected, reform must go on in Indonesia. 1532 GMT, 991016 Indonesia/INTERFET – Pro-Indonesia militiamen and troops from the International Force in East Timor (INTERFET) clashed Oct. 16, leaving three militiamen dead. The battle erupted after militiamen ambushed an INTERFET observation patrol. 1503 GMT, 991016 Indonesia – Sectarian groups in Ambon, Indonesia fought Oct. 15, killing one policeman and possibly as many as nine people. The police officer was shot while trying to mediate between the two groups, the Antara state news agency reported. 1502 GMT, 991016 Indonesia – Indonesia’s military has been placed on "full alert" as Irian Jaya enters its third day Oct. 16 of massive protests over the government’s decision to split the province. 2214 GMT, 991015 Indonesia/Australia – Australian Maj. Gen. Peter Cosgrove, the commander of INTERFET forces, rescinded a statement he made admitting that Eurico Guterres led a group of independence militiamen secretly into East Timor and staged a rally. Cosgrove called the militiamen "lucky" and warned that they should not attempt to enter East Timor again. Cosgrove also declared a one-kilometer exclusion zone on the border to help prevent clashes between INTERFET and Indonesian troops. 1810 GMT, 991015 Indonesia – The Asian Development Bank (ASD) announced Oct. 14 that it is canceling $120 million in loans to Indonesia due to the Bank Bali scandal. An ASD spokesman said, "There is no real government to talk to" in Indonesia, and added the mission led by the IMF to look into the scandal was having great difficulties. 1430 GMT, 991015 Indonesia/ASEAN – East Timor will not accept ASEAN calls to enter the economic organization said East Timor’s chief spokesman Jose Ramos Horta Oct. 15. He also said East Timor would not accept command under any ASEAN led peacekeeping force. 2035 GMT, 991014 Indonesia – Maj. Gen. Peter Cosgrove, commander of Interfet forces in East Timor, said Oct. 14 that he supports the idea of making the border between West and East Timor a demilitarized buffer zone if Indonesia also endorses the plan. Cosgrove admitted that an Indonesian policeman might have been killed in an Oct. 10 clash between Interfet and Indonesian security personnel. He previously said the man was only injured. 1807 GMT, 991014 Indonesia – The youngest son of former Indonesian President Suharto was acquitted by the South Jakarta District Court on Oct. 14 of charges that he was involved in a multimillion-dollar corruption case. He was indicted on charges of conspiring to swindle the state out of $11 million. 1430 GMT, 991014 Indonesia – More than 1,000 students in Jakarta protested Oct. 14 President B.J. Habibie’s reelection bid. Meanwhile, approximately 1,500 people protested in Jayapura against the government’s action of splitting the province of Irian Jaya. Police and soldiers were on hand in both places, but no confrontations occurred. 1418 GMT, 991014 Australia/Indonesia – Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer denied Oct. 14 reports that Indonesia had suspended the Timor Gap oil treaty. 1800 GMT, 991013 Indonesia/Australia – Indonesian-Australian relations are "worsening," prompting the Indonesian government to freeze Timor Gap relations, Indonesian Antara news agency reported Oct. 12. A joint military operation named "New Horizon" and the Timor Gap treaty were suspended indefinitely. 1610 GMT, 991013 Indonesia – Indonesia’s People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) should settle the Aceh situation, said 30 members of the MPR Oct. 13. The group called on Indonesia to grant Aceh autonomy, retaining authority only in foreign affairs, external defense, monetary and fiscal policies. 1439 GMT, 991013 Indonesia/World Bank – The World Bank will continue holding loans from Indonesia until a full audit on the Bank Bali scandal is released, announced World Bank country director Mark Baird Oct. 13. 1430 GMT, 991013 Indonesia – A clash broke out in Ambon Oct. 13 when Christians attacked a Muslim neighborhood. Troops dispersed the mob, shot one man dead and injured at least 31 others. Antara news agency said bullets wounds constituted 30 of the injuries. 2212 GMT, 991012 Indonesia – The Indonesia People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) is planning to issue a special decree pertaining to the handling of corruption, collusion and nepotism (KKN) cases. MPR chairman Amien Rais said the decree would be broad ranging and could hopefully "overcome the KKN cases." 1810 GMT, 991012 Indonesia – Approximately 300 Dayak tribesmen clashed with Indonesian security forces in Borneo Oct. 12. According to the Jakarta Post, seven tribesmen and one police officer were injured. The tribesmen were angered by the provincial parliament’s choice of representatives to the People’s Consultative Assembly. 1616 GMT, 991012 Indonesia – Indonesian Foreign Minister Ali Alatas said Oct. 12 that Indonesia will submit a formal complaint to the United Nations saying the international peacekeeping forces in East Timor violated Indonesia’s sovereignty by shooting across its border. Relations between Indonesia and Australia have sunk to their lowest level ever, he said. 1413 GMT, 991012 Malaysia/Indonesia – Indonesia may become "Australia’s Vietnam", said Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir in his column for the Mainichi Daily News Oct. 11. He said western countries are using East Timor as a tool to brake up Asia, East Timorese were reconciled to integration with Indonesia and the situation has been handled very poorly. [[ moderator's note: what is Mahathir talking about? Vietnam was Australia's Vietnam, the country willingly sent conscripts to help out its big brother, the USA (as did South Korea) ]]. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Wahid Election Maintains Indonesia's Elite STRATFOR www.stratfor.com 21 October 1999 The Indonesian People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR) elected Abdurrahman Wahid president Oct. 20 over Megawati Sukarnoputri by a vote of 373 to 313. After Megawati’s loss sparked clashes between her supporters and security forces in Jakarta, she and Wahid joined together to call for peace and stability. Megawati also urged people "to accept the results of the election." Wahid has been on a steady path to the presidency since December 1998, when he called for a national reconciliation to bring together the elite, "both those sitting in the government or those outside." He wanted to avoid a social revolution, which he believed would strike Indonesia in the absence of reconciliation. Wahid portrayed Indonesia as a country that would fracture without a strong central leader like former President Suharto – no matter how disliked he was – and without cooperation from all of the elite. The elite included not only the old Golkar regimes, but military, religious, social and political leaders as well. After witnessing the violence that led to Suharto’s resignation, Wahid said that further social unrest would lead to the downfall of not only the Golkar party apparatus, but also the military and eventually the social and religious organizations. This, in turn, would lead to the disintegration of the nation. The entire presidential race has evolved with two things in mind: the preservation of Indonesia and the preservation of the elite. Instead of following this script, Megawati claimed that her legitimacy came from the masses in the streets. While Wahid, a long-time associate of Megawati, tried to support her candidacy, her reliance on popular unrest as a political tool led him to decide to oppose her election. Despite concern over her methods, Megawati’s appeal to international investors and to the throngs of supporters spurred Wahid and other political leaders to try to convince Megawati to play by Indonesian rules. In a final effort to bring Megawati in line, Wahid traveled with her to her father’s grave Oct. 8, less than two weeks before the elections. Meanwhile, the MPR was working to curtail the powers of the presidency, shifting more control to the parliament. In doing so, the MPR laid the groundwork for avoiding future confrontation over presidential elections, since the position has become largely ceremonial. Wahid’s election was the result of compromises over how power would be shared among factions of Indonesia’s elite. Each of the factions, except the military, now has a major role in the government: Muslim leader Amien Rais of the National Mandate Party is head of the MPR; Akbar Tanjung, chairman of the Golkar Party, is speaker of the lower house, or DPR; and finally, Megawati’s Democratic Party for Struggle (PDI-P) retains the largest voting bloc in the DPR. Now that the power has been divvied up, the priority of the new government will be the restoration and maintenance of stability and economic recovery. Of course, underlying any actions taken toward this end will be the end of preserving Indonesia’s elite. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------- Viva! Gusmao's triumphant return SYDNEY MORNING HERALD www.smh.com.au Date: 23/10/99 By DAVID LAGUE, Herald Correspondent in Dili The wrenching sob came from about 15 rows back in the sweating, silent crowd. They had packed in to hear East Timorese resistance leader Xanana Gusmao's first words yesterday on his return to his native island after seven years in an Indonesian jail. From that first cry, the grief and pain of a quarter of a century under Indonesian rule was instantly conducted from body to body and tears flowed on thousands of faces. Men and woman cried openly. Mr Gusmao's voice broke and he also cried. Dressed in the camouflage uniform of a Falintil resistance fighter, Mr Gusmao stood at a podium on the steps of the former colonial government house with the ruins of Dili behind him and claimed victory in a long and bitter struggle. "Viva East Timor," he shouted with his hands clenched above his head in triumph. "Viva the East Timorese people. Viva Falintil." "Viva," the crowd yelled. "We are the winners," he told them. "We will be independent for ever." However, on the balcony above Mr Gusmao's head was a reminder that East Timor's struggle is not over. Australian Special Air Service troops with sniper rifles scanned the crowd and the burnt-out shells of surrounding buildings with binoculars while other troopers with submachine-guns formed a personal bodyguard for the man who is expected to become the first leader of the world's newest country. After 17 years leading a guerilla struggle against Indonesia's occupation forces, Mr Gusmao was captured in 1992 and imprisoned in Jakarta. He was released in August but was unable to return to his homeland earlier as Indonesian-backed militia unleashed a wave of terror and destruction following overwhelming support for independence at the UN-organised ballot on August 30. However, the withdrawal of the bulk of Jakarta's forces and the presence of Interfet, the multinational peacekeeping force in East Timor, cleared the way for his arrival. The Australian commander of Interfet, Major-General Peter Cosgrove, watched from the sidelines yesterday as the widely respected Mr Gusmao took the first step on the road to self-government. His speech called for his countrymen to rebuild their shattered land and forgive their Indonesian neighbours. "Even though we are suffering and we live in a terrible situation, we must build a new East Timorese people and a new country," he said. "We have shown that we are brave over 24 years. We must make a plan for recovery." In front of the podium, an Indonesian-trained agricultural scientist, Mr Marcel Gusmao, had been waiting for half an hour in the scorching sun to see the leader who shares his name, although they are not related. "We are happy today," hesaid shyly. "I think in three years we can have our independence." A month after Interfet was deployed to East Timor, Indonesian troops are expected to make a final withdrawal soon. A UN transitional authority is expected to take over until elections can be organised. General Cosgrove welcomed Mr Gusmao's return and said his "wise and mature" leadership in co-operation with other East Timorese leaders would be needed in managing the transition to independence. "We must all acknowledge this as a joyous day for East Timor," he said. "I think he transcends the military or the political. "I think he is a statesman." Under tight security, Interfet flew Mr Gusmao to East Timor from Darwin on Thursday evening. He has already held talks with General Cosgrove, at which the Interfet leader renewed his call for the Falintil guerilla fighters to disarm. Earlier yesterday, the first shipload of East Timorese refugees returned to Dili from West Timor. The UNHCR director for Asia-Pacific, Mr Franc¸ois Founat, said there were believed to be about 250,000 East Timorese still in West Timor and another 400,000 still displaced in East Timor. Mr Antonio de Jesus Soares, 38, and 46 members of his extended family, were among the first ashore from the chartered ship after spending about six weeks in West Timor. Unlike most of those returning, Mr Soares still has a job - with the aid agency CARE. "I am one of the lucky ones," he said. "I can rebuild my house." Story Picture: "We are the winners" ... Xanana Gusmao's address in Dili yesterday. This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Subject: ZNet Commentary / Oct 23 / East Timor / Noam Chomsky East Timor Is Not Yesterday's Story By Noam Chomsky According to recent reports, the UN mission in East Timor has been able to account for just over 150,000 people out of an estimated population of 850,000. It reports that 260,000 "are now languishing in squalid refugee camps in West Timor under the effective control of the militias after either fleeing or being forcibly removed from their homes," and that another 100,000 have been relocated to other parts of Indonesia. The rest are presumed to be hiding in the mountains. The Australian commander expressed the natural concern that displaced people lack food and medical supplies. Touring camps in East and West Timor, US Assistant Secretary of State Harold Koh reported that the refugees are "starving and terrorized," and that disappearances "without explanation" are a daily occurrence. To appreciate the scale of this disaster, one has to bear in mind the virtual demolition of the physical basis for survival by the departing Indonesian army and its paramilitary associates ("militias"), and the reign of terror to which the territory has been subjected for a quarter-century, including the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of people when the Carter Administration was providing the required diplomatic and military support. How have its successors reacted during the current "noble phase" of foreign policy, with its "saintly glow," to quote some of the awed rhetoric of respected commentators in the national press through the 1990s? One way was to increase the support for the killers -- for "our kind of guy," as General Suharto was described by the Clinton Administration before he fell from grace by losing control and failing to implement harsh IMF orders with sufficient ardor. After the 1991 Dili massacre, Congress restricted arms sales and banned US training of the Indonesian military, but Clinton found devious ways to evade the ban. Congress expressed its "outrage," reiterating that "it was and is the intent of Congress to prohibit US military training for Indonesia," as readers of the Far Eastern Economic Review and dissident publications here could learn. But to no avail. Inquiries about Clinton's programs received the routine response from the State Department: US military training "serves a very positive function in terms of exposing foreign militaries to US values." These values were exhibited as military aid to Indonesia flowed and government-licensed sales of armaments increased five-fold from fiscal 1997 to last year. A month ago (Sept. 19), the London Observer international news service and the London Guardian Weekly published a story headlined "US Trained Butchers of East Timor." The report, by two respected correspondents, described Clinton's "Iron Balance" program, which trained Indonesian military in violation of congressional bans as late as 1998. Included were Kopassus units, the murderous forces that organized and directed the "militias" and participated directly in their atrocities, as Washington was well aware -- just as it knew that these long-time beneficiaries of US training were "legendary for their cruelty" and in East Timor "became the pioneer and exemplar for every kind of atrocity" (Ben Anderson, one of the world's leading Indonesia specialists). Clinton's "Iron Balance" program provided these forces with more training in counterinsurgency and "psychological operations," expertise that they put to use effectively at once. As they and their minions were burning down the capital city of Dili in September, murdering and rampaging, the Pentagon announced that "A US-Indonesian training exercise focused on humanitarian and disaster relief activities concluded Aug. 25," five days before the referendum that elicited the sharp escalation in crimes -- precisely as the political leadership in Washington expected, at least if they were reading their own intelligence reports. All of this found its way to the memory hole that contains the past record of the crucial US support for the atrocities, granted the same (null) coverage as many other events of the past year; for example, the unanimous Senate vote on June 30th calling on the Clinton administration to link Indonesian military actions in East Timor to "any loan or financial assistance to Indonesia," as readers could learn from the Irish Times. For much of 1999, Western intellectuals have been engaged in one of history's most audacious displays of self-adulation over their magnificent performance in Kosovo. Among the many facets of this grand achievement dispatched to the proper place was the fact that the huge flow of brutalized refugees expelled after the bombing could receive little care, thanks to Washington's defunding of the responsible UN agency. Its staff was reduced 15% in 1998, and another 20% in January 1999; and it now endures the denunciations of the (also saintly) Tony Blair for its "problematic performance" in the wake of the atrocities that were the anticipated consequence of US/UK bombing. While the mutual admiration society was performing as required, atrocities mounted in East Timor. Even prior to the August referendum, some 3-5000 had been killed according to credible Church sources, about twice the number killed prior to the bombing in Kosovo (with more than twice the population), according to NATO. As atrocities skyrocketed in September, Clinton watched silently, until compelled by domestic and international (mostly Australian) pressure to make at least some gestures. These were enough for the Indonesian Generals to reverse course at once, an indication of the latent power that has always been in reserve. A rational person can readily draw some conclusions about criminal culpability. At last report, the US has provided no funds for the Australian-led UN intervention force (in contrast, Japan, long a fervent supporter of Indonesia, offered $100 million). But that is perhaps not surprising, in the light of its refusal to pay any of the costs of the UN civilian operations even in Kosovo. Washington has also asked the UN to reduce the scale of subsequent operations, because it might be called upon to pay some of the costs. Hundreds of thousands of missing people may be starving in the mountains, but the Air Force that excels in pinpoint destruction of civilian targets apparently lacks the capacity to airdrop food -- and no call has been heard for even such an elementary humanitarian measure. Hundreds of thousands more are facing a grim fate within Indonesia. A word from Washington would suffice to end their torment, but there is no word, and no comment. In Kosovo, preparation for war crimes trials has been underway since May, expedited at US-UK initiative, including unprecedented access to intelligence information. In East Timor, investigations are being discussed at leisure, with Indonesian participation and a tight deadline (Dec. 31). It is "an absolute joke, a complete whitewash," according to UN officials quoted in the British press. A spokesperson for Amnesty International added that the inquiry as planned "will cause East Timorese even more trauma than they have suffered already. It would be really insulting at this stage." Indonesian Generals "do not seem to be quaking in their boots," the Australian press reports. One reason is that "some of the most damning evidence is likely to be... material plucked from the air waves by sophisticated US and Australian electronic intercept equipment," and the Generals feel confident that their old friends will not let them down -- if only because the chain of responsibility might be hard to snap at just the right point. There is also little effort to unearth evidence of atrocities in East Timor. In striking contrast, Kosovo has been swarming with police and medical forensic teams from the US and other countries in the hope of discovering large-scale atrocities that can be transmuted into justification for the NATO bombing of which they were the anticipated consequence -- as Milosevic had planned all along, it is now claimed, though NATO Commander General Wesley Clark reported a month after the bombing that the alleged plans "have never been shared with me" and that the NATO operation "was not designed [by the political leadership] as a means of blocking Serb ethnic cleansing.... There was never any intent to do that. That was not the idea." Commenting on Washington's refusal to lift a finger to help the victims of its crimes, the veteran Australian diplomat Richard Butler observed that "it has been made very clear to me by senior American analysts that the facts of the alliance essentially are that: the US will respond proportionally, defined largely in terms of its own interests and threat assessment..." The remarks were not offered in criticism of Washington; rather, of his fellow Australians, who do not comprehend the facts of life: that others are to shoulder the burdens, and face the costs -- which for Australia, may not be slight. It will hardly come as a great shock if a few years hence US corporations are cheerfully picking up the pieces in an Indonesia that resents Australian actions, but has few complaints about the overlord. The chorus of self-adulation has subsided a bit, though not much. Far more important than these shameful performances is the failure to act -- at once, and decisively -- to save the remnants of one of the most terrible tragedies of this awful century. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- # distributed via <nettime>: no commercial use without permission # <nettime> is a moderated mailing list for net criticism, # collaborative text filtering and cultural politics of the nets # more info: majordomo@bbs.thing.net and "info nettime-l" in the msg body # archive: http://www.nettime.org contact: nettime@bbs.thing.net